/* Design for Emerging and Nanoscale Manufacturing — accessible stylesheet (WCAG 2.1 AA).
   Colour pairs used (contrast vs. background):
   --blue #0E2E87 on white 12.4:1; white on --blue 12.4:1; --text #1a1a1a on white 17.4:1;
   --muted #4d4d4d on white 8.5:1; menu grey #6b6b6b 5.3:1; white on tile overlay rgba(0,0,0,.72) >= 7.4:1 over any image;
   focus ring --gold #FDB515 (3:1+ against both white and blue) plus dark inner outline. */
:root {
  --blue: #0E2E87;
  --text: #1a1a1a;
  --muted: #4d4d4d;
  --gold: #FDB515;
  --bg: #ffffff;
}
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
/* Always reserve room for the vertical scrollbar, so short pages (no scrollbar) and long pages line up exactly on Windows. */
html { font-size: 100%; scrollbar-gutter: stable; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--bg); color: var(--text); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.3; }

.skip-link { position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: 0; background: var(--blue); color: #fff; padding: .6rem 1rem; z-index: 100; font-weight: bold; }
.skip-link:focus { left: 1rem; top: 1rem; }

a { color: var(--text); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
a:hover { color: var(--blue); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible, video:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 2px; box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px var(--text);
}
main:focus { outline: none; }

/* Page grid: 240px title panel and menu column + 720px banner and content column, as on the original site.
   Pages without a banner (e.g. Research) start their content at the top, beside the title panel. */
.page { max-width: 992px; margin: 20px auto; padding: 0 16px;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 240px minmax(0, 720px);
  grid-template-areas: "title banner" "nav main"; row-gap: 15px; }
.page.no-banner { grid-template-areas: "title main" "nav main"; grid-template-rows: auto 1fr; }
.titlepanel { grid-area: title; background: var(--blue); width: 240px; height: 240px; padding: 10px; overflow: hidden; }
.panel-title { color: #fff; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; }
/* The banner is always exactly 720 x 240 (3:1). Each item's width is set as a fraction of 720 in the layout,
   and images are cropped to fill their slot, so slightly mis-sized source images cannot shift the grid. */
.banner { grid-area: banner; display: flex; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 3 / 1; overflow: hidden; align-self: start; }
.banner img, .banner video { display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; min-width: 0; }

.sitenav { grid-area: nav; }
.sitenav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.sitenav li { margin: 0; }
/* Menu as on the original site: 20px line pitch, no underlines. State is shown by shade:
   default mid-grey #6b6b6b (5.3:1 on white), hover near-black #111, current page dark grey #2b2b2b.
   The keyboard focus ring (gold + dark outline) is unchanged. */
.sitenav a { display: inline-block; line-height: 20px; color: #6b6b6b; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1rem; text-decoration: none; }
.sitenav a:hover { color: #111; }
.sitenav a[aria-current="page"] { color: #2b2b2b; }

main { grid-area: main; min-width: 0; }
main h2 { color: var(--blue); font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 1.2rem 0 .5rem; }
main h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
main p, main li { font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.3; }
main p { margin: 0 0 .8em; }
main ul, main ol { padding-left: 1.3rem; }

figure { margin: .8rem 0 1rem; }
figure img, figure video, main img, main video { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
figcaption, .caption { font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--text); margin-top: .3rem; }

/* Research tiles */
.tiles { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 240px); gap: 0; }
.tiles li { margin: 0; }
.tile { position: relative; display: block; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; overflow: hidden; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.tile img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.tile-caption { position: absolute; inset: 40px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-align: center;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,.72); color: #fff; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.25; padding: 8px; }
.tile:hover .tile-caption, .tile:focus-visible .tile-caption { background: var(--blue); text-decoration: underline; }
.tile:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: -3px; box-shadow: none; }

/* Research page: one block per theme, three square images then a list of topics */
.theme { margin: 0 0 22px; }
.theme h2 { margin: 0 0 8px; }
.theme-images { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.theme-images a, .theme-images span { display: block; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; overflow: hidden; }
.theme-images img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.theme-images a:hover img { opacity: .85; }
.theme-intro { margin: 0 0 .4em; }
.topic-list { columns: 2; column-gap: 24px; margin: 0; padding-left: 1.1rem; }
.topic-list li { break-inside: avoid; margin: 0 0 .25em; }

/* Collapsible sections (People, Publications) */
details.fold { margin: 0 0 .4rem; }
details.fold > summary { cursor: pointer; list-style: none; color: var(--blue); font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.25; padding: .35rem 0; }
details.fold > summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
details.fold > summary::before { content: "\25B8"; display: inline-block; width: 1.1em; transition: transform .15s; }
details.fold[open] > summary::before { transform: rotate(90deg); }
details.fold > summary h2 { display: inline; font-size: inherit; margin: 0; color: inherit; }
details.fold > summary:hover { color: #000; }
.fold-tools { margin: 0 0 .6rem; font-size: .85rem; }
.fold-tools button { font: inherit; background: none; border: 1px solid #999; border-radius: 3px; padding: 2px 8px; margin-right: 6px; cursor: pointer; color: var(--text); }
.fold-tools button:hover { background: #eee; }
.people-list { margin: 0 0 .8em; padding-left: 1.1rem; }
.people-list li { margin: 0 0 .15em; }
.year-group { margin: 0 0 .5em; }
.year-group h3 { font-size: .9rem; margin: .6em 0 .2em; color: var(--text); }

/* Previous / next project links (in the page flow, not fixed, so they never cover text when zoomed) */
.project-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem; }
.project-nav a { flex: 1 1 220px; background: var(--blue); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: .6rem .9rem; font-weight: bold; }
.project-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.project-nav .dir { display: block; font-size: .8rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.project-nav .name { display: block; font-size: .95rem; }
.project-nav .next { text-align: right; }

code { font-size: .9em; }

/* Reflow for narrow screens and high zoom (WCAG 1.4.10) */
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .tiles { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr)); }
  .topic-list { columns: 1; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .page, .page.no-banner { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "title" "banner" "nav" "main"; grid-template-rows: none; row-gap: 12px; }
  .titlepanel { width: auto; height: auto; }
  .sitenav ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 16px; }
  .tile-caption { inset: 20px; font-size: .9rem; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { * { scroll-behavior: auto !important; } }

main p, main li, main figcaption { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
main a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }